UNIVERSAL LAW OF GRAVITATION
Learning outcomes:
• Understanding the concept of gravitation
• Understanding the definition and equation of Universal Law of
Gravitation
• Understanding the value and unit of gravitational constant ‘G’
• Understanding the characteristics of gravitational force
Note:
The concept of gravitation was discovered by Sir Isaac Newton. He
stated that the force of attraction between any two objects in the
universe is directly proportional to the product of their masses and
inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the centre
of these objects. This is known as Universal Law of Gravitation.
𝑭 = 𝑮𝑴𝒎/𝒓^𝟐
Here G is the Universal gravitational constant and its value is equal to
6.67×10^-11 Nm^2/ kg^2
Gravitational force is a central force and is always attractive. It is the
weakest fundamental force in nature.
Assessment questions:
• Who discovered the concept of gravitation?
• State the Universal Law of Gravitation
• Give the mathematical expression for above law
• What is ‘G’? Give its value and unit
• Give any two characteristics of gravitational force
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